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Publications & Presentations

AGCI's publication library contains workshop reports, journal articles, and research papers tagged by topic. AGCI publishes a book series titled Elements of Change, which includes summaries of the proceedings of AGCI's summer technical workshops, along with independent research reports. Additionally, workshop content is often shared in the form of journal articles in publications such as Science and Nature.

Industrial Carbon Management: Crosscutting Scientific, Technical & Policy Implications
Reveal Publication
Industrial Carbon Management: Crosscutting Scientific, Technical & Policy Implications
AGCI Elements of Change Report
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Industrial Carbon Management (ICM) refers to the array of technologies that enable the combustion of fossil fuels while substantially reducing or eliminating carbon emissions. Although there is a great deal of technical understanding on this subject, knowledge is isolated within a small group of technologists and little is understood about the effects of these technologies on public policy. As part of AGCIÕs ongoing Elements of Change series, this report summarizes discussions that took place on this topic at an AGCI meeting in 2000. Within the report is a brief review of ICM technologies, an analysis of their role in mitigating CO2 emissions, and a discussion of the challenges ICM poses to public policy.
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Impacts of Extreme Weather and Climate on Terrestrial Biota
Reveal Publication
Impacts of Extreme Weather and Climate on Terrestrial Biota
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Author/s:
Camille Parmesan
Terry Root
Climate plays a key role in biotic systems, and while it is easy to predict how living systems react to gradual changes in climate, less certainty exists about the effects of extreme weather events. This article presents research showing specific examples of how extreme weather events have brought about manifest changes to species populations, behavior, morphology, as well as ecosystem-level effects. The authors argue that understanding the impact of these events is key to understanding the overall effect of climate change on the biosphere.
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Freshwater, Land and Biologic Interactions: Changes and Impacts
Reveal Publication
Freshwater, Land and Biologic Interactions: Changes and Impacts
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Author/s:
Mark Meier
Malin Falkenmark
William R. Travis
The interaction between water, land, and living systems is a complex relationship that is critical to maintaining life. Human activity has become an important element of this relationship, and in recent years, expansion of human activity has brought about significant changes. In 1992, a group of scientists convened at the Aspen Global Change Institute to address freshwater, land, and biological interactions in the context of human-induced changes to the Earth system. The scientists assessed present knowledge of people/water/ecosystem interactions, discussed risks and uncertainties pertaining to future human impacts on natural systems and processes, and considered how policies might be constructed to support sustainable practices. This article provides a summary of the proceedings of this meeting.
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Climate Scenarios and Projections: The Known, Unknown and Unknowable as Applied to California

Reveal Publication

Climate Scenarios and Projections: The Known, Unknown and Unknowable as Applied to California

AGCI Elements of Change Report
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This report utilizes California as a regional case study to categorize and visualize scientific uncertainties and assess the state of the art emission and climate models with an emphasis on the regional scale. The report addresses the following key questions: 1) What are the range of possible SRES scenarios; how likely are they; how can subjective probabilities be assigned, and at what levels of confidence; what methods are most promising in such estimation; and how vexing is the lack of subjective probabilities for regional analyses for the California case study? 2) How well do GCMs do at producing meteorological variables at regional scales, and which of the various strategies to improve GCMs provide the greatest direct aid in improving knowledge of and confidence in the California regional modeling efforts and assessment strategies? 3) Utilizing California as a regional case study, how can the assessment and eventual reduction of uncertainties upstream, combined with improved downscaling models, better inform regional decision-making and resource management, and what are the stakes? 4) What elements of integrated analyses are essentially unknowable? Can robust strategies (Lempert and Schlesinger, 2000) be developed in spite of those aspects of analysis?
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Human Factors Explain the Increased Losses from Weather and Climate Extremes
Reveal Publication
Human Factors Explain the Increased Losses from Weather and Climate Extremes
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Author/s:
Stanley Changnon
Roger A. Pielke, Jr.
David Changnon
Richard T. Sylves
Roger S. Pulwarty
The financial damage due to extreme weather events has been increasing since the 1940s, and evidence suggests that societal shifts are the predominate cause of this upward trend. For instance, increasing populations around hurricane-prone regions account for enormous increases in damages over the last several decades, and the continuation of these and other similar demographic trends is likely to bring about ever rising financial losses regardless of the added impact of climate change. As this article points out, identifying and understanding this societal vulnerability has great importance for understanding the nation's economy, in guiding governmental policies, and for planning for future mitigative activities including ways for society to adapt to the added impacts of a changing climate.
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The Coupled Climate System and Global Change
Reveal Publication
The Coupled Climate System and Global Change
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Author/s:
Gerald Meehl
David S. Schimel
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Climate-Radiation Feedbacks
Reveal Publication
Climate-Radiation Feedbacks
AGCI Elements of Change Report
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Susan Joy Hassol
Peter Norris
The understanding of climate change due to human activities is dependent on an understanding of the energy balance of the Earth. Clouds, their type and spatial coverage, play a key role in the EarthÕs energy balance. Better understanding of clouds and ways to more accurately represent them in models is key to the development of better climate models. This Elements of Change report discusses various observational methods from microphysical, synoptic, and the global scale as well as theoretical understanding of cloud formation and attenuation of incoming and outgoing radiation. Also included within this report are recommendations for observational needs and techniques along with a set of theoretical approaches for cloud parameterization in climate modeling.
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Trends in Extreme Weather and Climate Events: Issues Related to Modeling Extremes in Projections of Future Climate Change
Reveal Publication
Trends in Extreme Weather and Climate Events: Issues Related to Modeling Extremes in Projections of Future Climate Change
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Author/s:
Gerald Meehl
Francis Zwiers
Jenni-Louise Evans
Thomas R. Knutson
Linda O. Mearns
Penny Whetton
Climate models used in the writing of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Second Assessment Report indicate that future weather extremes as a result of climate change are likely to include a greater frequency of extreme warm days, lower frequency of cold days, higher nighttime temperatures, increased precipitation intensity, as well as a range of other climate variations. Subsequent models have reconfirmed these predictions, but there remains disagreement in current models as to the impact of synoptic time and space scale processes, such as tropical cyclones, El Nino effects, and extratropical storms. This article summarizes the state of scientific knowledge of possible future changes in the statistical aspects of weather and climate extremes.
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Extinction & Global Change
Reveal Publication
Extinction & Global Change
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Human activity is threatening the existence of natural habitats and the existence of species to such a degree that potentially half of all the life forms on the planet could be lost in a single human lifetime. To address this pending ecological catastrophe, 31 scientists from around the world convened in Aspen, CO during summer of 1991 to better define the scope of the problem, identify areas in need of improved research, and identify pathways for solutions. The conclusions reached at this meeting are recorded in this inaugural installment of AGCI's ongoing Elements of Change series. Inside this report, particular attention is directed towards understanding the linkages between biodiversity and development.
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Changes in Global Vegetative Patterns and Their Relationship to Human Activity
Reveal Publication
Changes in Global Vegetative Patterns and Their Relationship to Human Activity
AGCI Elements of Change Report
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Susan Joy Hassol
Since the onset of satellites, particularly Landsat in 1972, the ability to map vegetative cover type and changes in its aerial extent has led to a fundamentally new way of understanding the Earth and rates of change to its surface. This Elements of Change report explores the technical aspects of remote sensing and analysis of data along with a variety of ground truthing techniques. Furthermore, it uncovers the types of change in vegetative cover brought about by human activity. This report provides case studies from several continents and presents related issues such as the edge effect as a disturbance factor beyond the actual cover change area which is particularly evident in cover change in the Amazon.
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Observed Variability and Trends in Extreme Climate Events: A Brief Review
Reveal Publication
Observed Variability and Trends in Extreme Climate Events: A Brief Review
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Author/s:
David R. Easterling
Jenni-Louise Evans
Pavel Groisman
Thomas R. Karl
Kenneth E. Kunkel
Recently, much attention has focused on trends in extreme climate events. An increase in annual financial damages, as well an uptick in deaths, resulting from such events has given rise to speculation that these extreme events are increasing in frequency. Although data in some regions may have the potential robustness to reveal long-term trends, there is still an overall lack of long-term, worldwide data suitable for analysis of extreme climate variability. Where data does exist, there appear to be increases in temperature and precipitation extremes, as well as droughts and tropical storms. However, more high-quality, long-term climate data around the globe is needed to improve understanding.
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Fostering Dialogue to Support Community Resilience - Fact Sheet
Reveal Publication
Fostering Dialogue to Support Community Resilience - Fact Sheet
Resilience Roadmarker 1
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Author/s:
James Arnott
Susanne Moser
Emily Jack-Scott
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Introduction to Trends in Extreme Weather and Climate Events: Observations, Socioeconomic Impacts, Terrestrial Ecological Impacts, and Model Projections
Reveal Publication
Introduction to Trends in Extreme Weather and Climate Events: Observations, Socioeconomic Impacts, Terrestrial Ecological Impacts, and Model Projections
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Author/s:
Gerald Meehl
Thomas R. Karl
David R. Easterling
Stanley Changnon
Roger A. Pielke, Jr.
David Changnon
Jenni-Louise Evans
Pavel Groisman
Thomas R. Knutson
Kenneth E. Kunkel
Linda O. Mearns
Camille Parmesan
Roger S. Pulwarty
Terry Root
Richard T. Sylves
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The Possibility of Resilience - Fact Sheet
Reveal Publication
The Possibility of Resilience - Fact Sheet
Resilience Roadmarker 2
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Author/s:
James Arnott
Susanne Moser
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The Climate Impacts of Land Surface Change and Carbon Management, and the Implications for Climate-Change Mitigation Policy
Reveal Publication
The Climate Impacts of Land Surface Change and Carbon Management, and the Implications for Climate-Change Mitigation Policy
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Author/s:
Roger A. Pielke, Sr.
Gregg Marland
Richard Betts
While carbon sequestration in the terrestrial biosphere may play a necessary role in mitigating anthropogenic climate change, current climate mitigation policies do not generally take into account the effects of the resulting changes in land surface albedo, the fluxes of sensible and latent heat to the atmosphere, and the distribution of energy within the climate system. As a result, proposed mitigation strategies may not achieve their desired result. This paper summarizes the interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere and explains why these complex interactions ought to be incorporated into proposed national and international carbon-credit trading regimes.
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The Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership: An Example of Science Applied to Societal Needs
Reveal Publication
The Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership: An Example of Science Applied to Societal Needs
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Author/s:
Pavel Groisman
Vladimir Kattsov
Dennis Lettenmaier
Irina Sokolik
John Katzenberger
Shamil Maksyutov
Dennis Ojima
Vladimir Romanovsky
Christiana Schmullius
Herman H. Shugart
Mikhail Sofiev
Charles Vorosmarty
Donald Walker
Eric Wood
Little is known about the biogeochemical, energy, and water cycles of the Northern Eurasian landmass, a carbon-rich region capable of significantly influencing global climate. In response to this deficiency, the Northern Eurasian Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI) was formed in 2004 to better understand and quantify feedbacks between Northern Eurasia and the global climate. This partnership actively monitors and analyzes natural and human-induced changes within Northern Eurasia and assesses the effects of these changes on current and future global climate. This article summarizes the first group of NEESPI projects, which have mostly focused on assembling regional data bases, organizing improved environmental monitoring of the region, and studying the individual environmental processes.
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The Influence of Land-Use Change and Landscape Dynamics on the Climate System: Relevance to Climate-Change Policy Beyond the Radiative Effect of Greenhouse Gases
Reveal Publication
The Influence of Land-Use Change and Landscape Dynamics on the Climate System: Relevance to Climate-Change Policy Beyond the Radiative Effect of Greenhouse Gases
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Author/s:
Roger A. Pielke, Sr.
Gregg Marland
Richard Betts
John O. Niles
Dev dutta S. Niyogi
Steven W Running
Although there is much focus from a policy standpoint on the climate impact of human-generated greenhouse gas emissions, less attention is given to the effects of human-caused land-use change, even though a growing body of research suggests that the latter may have a greater warming potential than the former. For example, one major warming impact that is not yet readily quantifiable is the surface heat fluxes that come as a result of changes in vegetation cover. As this article explains, impacts resulting from land-use change must be better quantified in order that they can be successfully incorporated into policies and international treaties.
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Fostering Dialogue to Support Community Resilience from AGCI on Vimeo.

Fostering Dialogue to Support Community Resilience Reveal Video with additional content
Fostering Dialogue to Support Community Resilience
Fostering Dialogue to Support Community Resilience from AGCI on Vimeo.

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Author/s:
Ellie Barber
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Decadal Prediction: Can it be Skillful?
Reveal Publication
Decadal Prediction: Can it be Skillful?
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Author/s:
Gerald Meehl
Lisa Goddard
James Murphy
Ronald J. Stouffer
George Boer
Gokhan Danabasoglu
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Innovative Energy Strategies for CO2 Stabilization
Reveal Publication
Innovative Energy Strategies for CO2 Stabilization
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Susan Joy Hassol
In recognition of imperiling consequences of human-generated greenhouse gasses, this report lays out strategies will enable the world to achieve CO2 stabilization. As a summary of an AGCI meeting on the same topic, this report lays out a range of innovative solutions, such as drawing upon renewable energy sources, eliminating carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion, and geoengineering the climate. With each idea presented, there is a technical evaluation of the idea's feasibility, a risk assessment, and an analysis of the benefits and costs.
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Reveal Publication
Tiered Approach to Resilience Assessment
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Author/s:
Igor Linkov
Laura Read
Craig D. Allen
James Arnott
Emanuele Bellini
Jon Coaffee
Marie-Valentine Florin
Kirk Hatfield
Iain Hyde
William Hynes
Aleksander Jovanovic
Roger Kasperson
John Katzenberger
Patrick Keys
James H. Lambert
Richard Moss
Peter Murdoch
Jose Palma-Oliveira
Roger S. Pulwarty
Dale Sands
Edward A Thomas
Mari Tye
David Woods
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Nutrient Imbalances in Agricultural Development
Reveal Publication
Nutrient Imbalances in Agricultural Development
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Author/s:
Peter Vitousek
Rosamond Lee Naylor
Tim Crews
Laurie Drinkwater
Elisabeth Holland
John Katzenberger
The overuse of synthetic fertilizers in some regions of the world has led to unintended negative environmental impacts, such as nitrogen-related air and water pollution. Meanwhile, in other regions of the globe, inadequate nutrient inputs have resulted in mass malnourishment. In this article, published in the 19 June 2009 edition of Science, 16 international ecology and agriculture experts compare fertilizer use in three corn-growing regions of the world -- northern China, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Midwestern United States -- and discuss the research needed to design more sustainable food production practices.
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Climate Extremes: Changes, Impacts and Projections
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Climate Extremes: Changes, Impacts and Projections
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Susan Joy Hassol
Although the relationship between climate change and extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and floods, is still uncertain, many scientists believe the two to be linked. This report focuses on the methods and evidence surrounding such a link. It presents existing data that suggests an upward trend in extreme weather and discusses how existing climate models can be reinterpreted or improved to forecast more accurately future climatic conditions. This report also discusses the impact expected increases in natural disasters and weather extremes may have on the natural world and human society.
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Reveal Publication

AGCI’s Commitment to Diversity, Inclusion & Equity

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In December 2017, AGCI's Board of Directors adopted our Commitment to Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion. We recognize the role that AGCI can play in improving diversity and inclusion within the sciences, and this statement of commitment serves as a foundation for our actions as we embrace that role. We see this as an ongoing process and dialogue, and welcome feedback on how we can continue to improve our practices.
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Scaling from Site-Specific Oservations to Global Model Grids
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Scaling from Site-Specific Oservations to Global Model Grids
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Susan Joy Hassol
Much attention in climate modeling has focused on how to downscale from large scale model output to smaller scales in order to resolve critical features such as mountain ranges. This Elements of Change report looks at the other side of the scale problem. It addresses the problem of known as upcaling, which is scaling from areas measured in square meters to larger aggregates. In this report are discussions of the practical and theoretical problems that arise with upscaling in a variety of regions. Since upscaling is widely required in models that forecast climate and other forms of global change, a better apprehension of this topic will serve to improve our models and understanding of key change.
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Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate
Reveal Publication
Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate
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Author/s:
Thomas R. Karl
Gerald Meehl
Christopher Miller
Changes to weather and climate extremes are likely to become the most vivid and disruptive manifestations of climate change over the course of this century. While it is already understood that human-induced global warming increases the intensity and occurrence of extreme temperatures and precipitation, evidence suggests that hurricanes will also become more ferocious as the world warms. This report constitutes the first specific assessment of observed and projected changes in weather and climate extremes across North America--it details what is already known about extreme climate and weather, explains the understood causes of those events, offers projections of future weather and climate extremes, and suggests how scientific efforts can be better directed to increase understanding of this subject.
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Planning for the U.S. National Assessment of the Consequences of Climate Change
Reveal Publication
Planning for the U.S. National Assessment of the Consequences of Climate Change
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Susan Joy Hassol
The U.S. Global Change Research Program Act of 1990 requires the U.S. government to do periodic climate impact assessments of the United States. This Elements of Change report serves as a guide to help outline the content and approach taken for this important assessment. The content of this report reflects the discussions that took place at a 1997 AGCI meeting among federal agency representatives, university academics, and others. During the meeting, participants explored the critical scientific issues relating to the assessment and drafted a plan for its completion.
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A Strategy for Climate Change Stabilization Experiments
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A Strategy for Climate Change Stabilization Experiments
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Author/s:
Kathy Hibbard
Gerald Meehl
Peter Michael Cox
Pierre Friedlingstein
Much progress has been made in recent years to improve climate modeling, but a failure to fully incorporate variables such as the carbon cycle prevent the accurate projection of stabilization scenarios. As a result, a next-generation of climate models is needed. This article lays out a roadmap for a new stage of climate modeling efforts, suggesting that two timeframes be addressed�near-term (2005-2030) and long-term (2005-2100). The near-term would disregard the effects of the carbon cycle and use already committed to CO2 levels to gauge regional impacts. The long-term models would assess climate outcomes on the basis of potential policy options and incorporate carbon cycle feedbacks through the use of three different experiments.
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Natural Hazards and Global Change
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Natural Hazards and Global Change
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Susan Joy Hassol
Societal ability to understand, build resiliency, and respond to natural hazards will be put to the test as global environmental changes, such as climate change, are likely to make natural disasters and hazard more common. This Elements of Change report discusses the main components of natural disaster reduction and illustrates why better disaster management and response is necessary in face of looming environmental change. Included in this report is a description of expected environmental changes that pose a threat to society, suggested procedures for natural disaster reduction, and the role of various private, government, civilian sectors in reducing the impacts of natural hazards.
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The Future of Global Energy
Reveal Publication
The Future of Global Energy
Problems for Undergraduate and Graduate Students Based on the AGCI Energy Table
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Emily Jack-Scott
It is a generational challenge to meet the world’s energy requirements, while remaining within the bounds of acceptable costs and environmental impacts. To this end, substantial research has explored various energy futures on a global scale. These questions and activities walk undergraduate and graduate level students through exercises that explore the pace and scale of the global energy transition that will unfold over the coming century. The questions draw on the AGCI Energy Table - an open-access, comprehensive energy reference featuring data on the availability, production, costs, and growth rates of energy sources and storage technologies currently in use or development. Energy sources include coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, solar, wind, hydropower, ocean, geothermal and biomass. Each cell in the Energy Table provides data from recent peer reviewed publications and major institutional reports (such as the International Energy Administration), with hyperlinked references provided.
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Northern Eurasia and the Global Earth System
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Northern Eurasia and the Global Earth System
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Author/s:
Pavel Groisman
Irina Sokolik
Kathy Hibbard
Guy Brasseur
John Katzenberger
In August 2007, a meeting was held at the Aspen Global Change Institute that addressed the role of the Northern Eurasian Landmass in the global Earth system. The meeting brought together members of the Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEEPSI) to discuss how current and future research efforts in the region can better support global climate projections. One conclusion of the meeting was that more attention be focused on local-to-regional-scale biochemistry modeling for the NEEPSI region. This and other recommendations were codified in a protocol and roadmap that were produced at the meeting.
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Characterizing and Communicating Scientific Uncertainty
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Characterizing and Communicating Scientific Uncertainty
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Susan Joy Hassol
Characterizing uncertainty is a major issue in all scientific discourse, but it is of particular importance in climate change research. Widely publicized climate change findings, such as the periodic reports authored by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), must find precision in their language so that the published findings are neither understated nor exaggerated and can be taken seriously by policymakers, the media, and the public. This Elements of Change report tackles this problem by summarizing the proceedings of a 1996 AGCI meeting that was convened to discuss how uncertainty is communicated in reports such as the one put out by the IPCC. In attendance were climate change researchers, policy analysts, and media experts, and this report addresses scientific, media, and policy related issues pertaining to uncertainty.
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Improving the Effectiveness of the Climate Change Convention
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Improving the Effectiveness of the Climate Change Convention
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Susan Joy Hassol
Following the 1992 framework of the Convention on Climate Change, there was much discussion about how to create effective policy strategies for climate change. This Elements of Change report explores a variety of binding and non-binding approaches, focusing on the different strategies for developed and developing countries. In addition, the report compares and contrasts climate change policy development to other international environmental agreements such as those for protecting the ozone hole and regulating acid rain.
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The Future of Global Energy
Reveal Publication
The Future of Global Energy
Problems for Undergraduate and Graduate Students Based on the AGCI Energy Table
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Emily Jack-Scott
It is a generational challenge to meet the world’s energy requirements, while remaining within the bounds of acceptable costs and environmental impacts. To this end, substantial research has explored various energy futures on a global scale. These questions and activities walk undergraduate and graduate level students through exercises that explore the pace and scale of the global energy transition that will unfold over the coming century. The questions draw on the AGCI Energy Table - an open-access, comprehensive energy reference featuring data on the availability, production, costs, and growth rates of energy sources and storage technologies currently in use or development. Energy sources include coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, solar, wind, hydropower, ocean, geothermal and biomass. Each cell in the Energy Table provides data from recent peer reviewed publications and major institutional reports (such as the International Energy Administration), with hyperlinked references provided.
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The Metro-Agro-Plex as a Geographical Unit of Analysis for Regional and Global Environmental Change
Reveal Publication
The Metro-Agro-Plex as a Geographical Unit of Analysis for Regional and Global Environmental Change
AGCI Elements of Change Report (1995)
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Author/s:
Jason Neff
Susan Joy Hassol
Many of the temperate zone major cities of the world, specifically those in Europe, Asia, and North America, are closely associated with large food-producing areas. This Elements of Change report looks into this relationship and the implications for the future organization of human populations and the quality of conditions necessary for productive agriculture and healthy urban environments. Particular attention is given to the case study of the metro-agro-plex in China. In addition, this report discusses issues associated with urban air and water pollution impacting agricultural productivity downstream and downriver and conversely agriculturally based pollutants from fertilizer, pesticides and soil erosion impacting neighboring urban areas.
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White Paper: A Strategy for Climate Change Stabilization Experiments with AOGCMS and ESMs
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White Paper: A Strategy for Climate Change Stabilization Experiments with AOGCMS and ESMs
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Author/s:
Kathy Hibbard
Gerald Meehl
The conclusions of Aspen Global Change Institute's 2006 summer science session "Earth System Models: The Next Generation" were published in the May 2007 edition of the World Climate Research Programme Summary Report. The synopsis brings to light what models, scenarios and strategies researchers now must consider next in order to best track emissions on both the short- and long-term scales in light of current and future techniques.The development of a new generation of climate models is underway with the expectation that future models will be able to incorporate carbon cycle dynamics and offer more accurately projected stabilization scenarios. This article lays out a roadmap for a new stage of climate modeling efforts, suggesting that two timeframes be addressed near-term (2005-2030) and long-term (2005-2100). The near-term would disregard the effects of the carbon cycle and use already committed to CO2 levels to gauge regional impacts. The long-term models would assess climate outcomes on the basis of potential policy options and incorporate carbon cycle feedbacks through the use of three different experiments (1) long-term benchmark stabilization, (2) carbon cycle response to increasing concentrations, and (3) emissions driven carbon cycle/climate.
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Anticipating Global Change Surprises
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Anticipating Global Change Surprises
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Susan Joy Hassol
This Elements of Change report grapples with the difficult question of how to anticipate change in dynamic and complex systems such as the physical, biological, and chemical properties of the Earth system confounded by human interactions with those systems both intentional and unintended. The report reflects the conclusions of an interdisciplinary group of scientists who collaborated to develop a typology of surprise and considered ways to anticipate thresholds and non-linear responses to forcings.
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A Strategy for Climate Change Stabilization Experiments with AOGCMSs and ESMs
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A Strategy for Climate Change Stabilization Experiments with AOGCMSs and ESMs
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Author/s:
Kathy Hibbard
Gerald Meehl
Peter Michael Cox
Pierre Friedlingstein
The development of a new generation of climate models is underway with the expectation that future models will be able to incorporate carbon cycle dynamics and offer more accurately projected stabilization scenarios. This bulletin lays out a roadmap for a new stage of climate modeling efforts, suggesting that two timeframes be addressed near-term (2005-2030) and long-term (2005-2100). The near-term would disregard the effects of the carbon cycle and use already committed to CO2 levels to gauge regional impacts. The long-term models would assess climate outcomes on the basis of potential policy options and incorporate carbon cycle feedbacks through the use of three different experiments (1) long-term benchmark stabilization, (2) carbon cycle response to increasing concentrations, and (3) emissions driven carbon cycle/climate.
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Biological Invasion as a Global Change
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Biological Invasion as a Global Change
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Author/s:
John Katzenberger
Susan Joy Hassol
It long has been recognized that habitat destruction and land use change due to human activity pose a serious threat to biodiversity. But what other threats are there and at what scale do they operate? This Elements of Change report explores the scale, mechanisms, as well as the ecological and economic impacts of biological invasion resulting from intentional and unintentional distribution of species accelerated by human activity. Control mechanisms and the consequences of inaction are discussed.
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Ground Truth Studies Teacher Handbook
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Ground Truth Studies Teacher Handbook
Date:
Monday, June 1, 1992
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Author/s:
Jesse Boyce
Susan Joy Hassol
John Katzenberger
Martha Kirpes
Tony Leiserowitz
William B. Stapp
This is a primer on Global Change and Remote Sensing. It includes activities for elementary and secondary students, resources for teachers, a glossary, and color plates. First published in 1992, The Ground Truth Studies Teacher Handbook is still widely used in classrooms across the country.
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Confronting the Bogeyman of the Climate System
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Confronting the Bogeyman of the Climate System
Science Magazine
Date:
Friday, October 21, 2005
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Author/s:
Richard Kerr
In recent years, the topic of abrupt climate change has risen to a place of prominence in both scientific and popular discourse. The subject of abrupt climate change was addressed at a meeting held at the Aspen Global Change Institute in 2005, and the proceedings of that meeting are summarized in this article. In short, the concern among scientists is that melting freshwater could drastically impact ocean circulation, leading to an abrupt change in global climate. Such an event is believed to have occurred in the last ice age when the world may have experienced up to a 10 degree shift in temperature. However, during the AGCI meeting scientists reported on the results of climate model runs that suggest that major disruption of ocean currents is not an anticipated outcome of global warming. The general consensus of scientists by the end of the meeting was that too much focus on abrupt climate change may serve as a dangerous distraction from addressing the more realistic concerns of climate change such as sea level rise.
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