What is the atmosphere?
The atmosphere is the thin veil of gas molecules that separates the Earth from the cold void of space. Its heat trapping ability helps to keep the Earth warm enough for life, and it also protects the Earth from harmful shortwave solar radiation and cosmic rays. This protective layer was initially formed by gases vented during the geologic tumult of the young Earth but was later altered by the work of photosynthesizing organisms of the early biosphere, providing the oxygen we depend upon. The atmosphere is a dynamic body that interacts with all the “spheres” of Earth.

The anthroposphere encompasses the total human presence throughout the Earth system including our culture, technology, built environment, and associated activities. The anthroposphere complements the term anthropocene – the age within which the anthroposphere developed. Some mark this age as beginning with the advent of agriculture, others with the industrial revolution.