Figure 1.8
Publicly Available Space-Based Technology For U. S. Natural Disaster Reduction (1997-1998)
|
Hazard |
Mitigation |
Preparedness |
Response |
Recovery |
|
Earthquakes |
SPOT, Clark, Radarsat, Landsat (Culture Mapping Tools) |
Space-based geodesy, SAR Interferometry (Seismic Risk and Warnings) |
SPOT, Clark, EarlyBird*, Radarsat (Damage Assessment & Relief) |
SPOT, Clark, EarlyBird*, Radarsat (Culture Mapping) |
|
Floods |
Landsat, EOS-AM, SPOT, Radarsat, ERS-2 (Watershed Conditions) |
NOAA, GOES, DMSP (Flood Warnings) |
Aircraft SAR**, Radarsat, Clark, EarlyBird*, ERS-2, SPOT, Landsat, EOS-AM (Flood Mapping) |
SPOT, Clark, Aircraft Interferometric SAR, EarlyBird*, Radarsat (Culture Mapping) |
|
Hurricanes |
SPOT, Clark, EarlyBird*, Radarsat (Culture Mapping Tools) |
NOAA, GOES, DMSP (Hurricane Tracking & Status) |
Aircraft SAR**, Radarsat, Clark, EarlyBird*, ERS-2, SPOT, Landsat, EOS-AM (Damage Assessment and Relief) |
SPOT, Clark, EarlyBird*, Radarsat (Culture Mapping)
|
|
Wildfires |
AVHRR, Landsat, EOS-AM, Lewis (Vegetation moisture status) |
NOAA, GOES, DMSP (Detection: Climatic data) |
EOS-AM, Landsat, Lewis, Clark, SPOT (Fire Mapping) |
Clark, SPOT, Landsat, EOS-AM (Burnt Lands Mapping) |
|
Tornadoes |
n.a. |
NOAA, GOES, DMSP |
Clark, EarlyBird*, Aircraft SAR** (Tornado Alerts) |
n.a. (Damage Assessment) |
|
Landslides |
SAR Interferometry, Radarsat, SPOT, Landsat (Susceptible area mapping) |
NOAA, GOES, DMSP, EOS-AM (Soil Moisture Modeling) |
Clark, EarlyBird*, Radarsat, ERS-2, Aircraft SAR** (Landslide Mapping) |
n.a. |
|
Drought |
Landsat (Wide-area landuse) |
AVHRR, Landsat, EOS-AM, Lewis (Vegetation moisture status) |
Landsat, SPOT, Lewis, EOS-AM (Crop Damage) |
Landsat (Wide-area landuse) |
|
Volcanoes |
SPOT, Clark, Radarsat, Landsat (Culture Mapping Tools) |
Space-based geodesy, SAR Interferometry (Precursor seismic activity) |
TOMS, AVHRR, Landsat, Clark, GOES, SPOT, EOS-AM (Eruption: Damage Observation) |
SAR Interferometry, SPOT, Clark, Radarsat (Land Surface Mapping) |
|
Tsunamis |
SPOT, Clark, Radarsat, Landsat (Culture Mapping Tools) |
n.a. |
Clark, EarlyBird*, SPOT (Damage Assessment) |
SPOT, Clark, EarlyBird*, Radarsat (Culture Mapping) |
Notes
* EarlyBird (1 meter resolution) is listed as an example of several commercial sector, high resolution imaging satellites scheduled for launch in 1997 by competing U. S. companies. No endorsement of this satellite is implied.
** Aircraft SAR** is listed because of its present function within NASA as a precursor to satellites in development such as LITESAR
a communications technology is excluded
b "culture" refers to the built environment
c hazards are listed vertically in approximate yearly damage order.
d Clark and Lewis are NASA satellites scheduled for launch in 1997.
e The European Space Agency will soon Launch Envirsat, an SAR satellite, to replace ERS-2, and NASA is proceeding with plans to launch its own SAR satellite, LITESAR.
Return to Text//Return to Elements of Change 1996 Table of Contents