Comparison of observed and simulated aspects of the coupled climate/sulfur system over China.
A The observed distribution of temperature anomalies in the 1980s in China. The heavy lines indicate positive anomalies and the light lines, negative anomalies (in °C). The area of negative anomalies (i. e., cooling) in southeastern China corresponds to the area of low pH precipitation, suggesting that the cooling can be attributed to sulfate aerosol.
(After Li et al., 1995).
B The average distribution of sulfate aerosol column loading (in mg SO 4 = m-2) during the months of June, July, and August as calculated by the GFDL Global Chemical Transport Model (Kasibhatla et al., 1995a). Note that similar distributions have been obtained with a regional model simulation (RADM) carried out by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (Luo Chao, personal communication, 1995).
C Predicted negative radiative forcing rates due to sulfate aerosol over China in 1990 (Carmichael, personal communication, 1995).